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In the previous article «LED screen construction: basic concepts» we covered all the basic terms, and now learn about modules and cabinets.
LED module is a chip with LEDs located in front, and electronic elements in the back. Different manufacturers produce modules of different sizes: 130*65mm, 160*160 mm, 256*256 mm, etc. Each module includes: LED mask, LEDs and circuit board.
Cabinet is a sealed case, with several LED modules in front and other elements inside: power supplies, cooling elements, receiving chip. This configuration enables the cabinet to be an independent unit of the LED screen and operate independently.
Cabinet dimensions are determined by the size of its constituent modules and their quantity. For example, 36 units 160x160 mm each is the most common cabinet 960*960 mm in size.
For interconnection the cabinets are equipped with special locks. The design of modern locks allows joining the cabinets almost perfectly without losing even a small pixel pitch. It will allow you to make the screen mobile and fast for assembly.
LED screens are installed at different locations and in order to ensure an excellent screen performance and protect it from external damage, LED cabinets have a special protection - IP, which is divided into classes.
IP protection is a classification of protection degrees against ingress of any foreign objects and water in compliance with international standard IEC 60529 developed by the European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization (CENELEC).
IP usually has two figures:
For example, the IP 54 means: 5 — the level of protection against solid objects and 4 — the level of protection from liquids.
«X» can be used for one of the figures, which means that a product has only one class of protection. For example, IP X1: protection only against vertically falling drops of water or condensate.
Classification of protection against solid objects:
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0
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no protection
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1
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against solid objects exceeding 50 mm, no protection against deliberate contact
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2
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against solid objects exceeding 12 mm, for example human fingers
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3
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against solid objects exceeding 2.5 mm (tools and wires)
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4
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against solid objects exceeding 1 mm (tools, wires, and small wires)
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5
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a limited amount of dust. Complete contact protection
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6
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fully protected against dust and contact
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Classification of protection against liquids:
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0
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no protection
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1
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from vertically falling water drops, for example, condensation
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2
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direct vertical jets of water up to 15 °
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3
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direct vertical jets of water up to 60 °
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4
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from sprays from any direction
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5
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from low-pressure jets of water from all directions
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6
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from temporary flooding, can be used on ship decks.
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7
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from short-term immersion in water to a depth of up to 1m
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8
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from prolonged immersion in water to a depth of up 1m
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9
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from prolonged immersion under pressure
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Cabinet maintenance is an important point, it can be of front or rear access. LED modules with front access are more complex and expensive but allow you to install the screen on a thin carcass close to the wall. Screens with rear access are usually installed on structures that have free access to the rear of the screen.
Interconnected LED cabinets form a LED screen. Depending on its purpose a specific control system is used. For more details, see «LED screen control systems».